Current Status and Family Factors Influencing Caries in the Deciduous Teeth of Children 3-6 Years of Age in Families Residing in Rural Heishanzui Township.

PURPOSE: To determine the caries status in children's deciduous teeth and examine the influence of family oral health behaviours on the caries status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 329 children aged 3-6 years in rural Heishanzui Township, Hebei Province, China, and used a completely random sampling method. These children underwent physical and oral health examinations. The questionnaires were given to the parents and caregivers of the examined children. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries in the deciduous dentition among children aged 3-6 years was 80.55%, with a dmft index of 4.93. Children in the caries group ate sweets, chocolates, and carbonated drinks more frequently than did children in the caries-free group (p < 0.05). Children in the caries-free group brushed their teeth more frequently, with parents helping their children brush, more often than did those in the caries-affected group (p < 0.05). The level of parental education and annual household income also had statistically significant effects on the prevalence of caries in the two groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of eating sweets was a risk factor for caries in deciduous teeth (odds ratio = 2.20; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth among children aged 3-6 years in rural Heishanzui Township was high. Compared to children in the caries-affected group, the families and children in the caries-free group had better oral hygiene behaviours. Moreover, the frequency of eating sweets was shown to be a risk factor for caries in deciduous teeth in children aged 3-6 years.

New craniodental fossils of Paranthropus robustus from Kromdraai, South Africa (2014-2017 excavations).

Since the initial discovery of Paranthropus robustus at the site of Kromdraai in 1938, the hypodigm of this species has been expanded by subsequent work at the localities of Swartkrans and Drimolen, with a few fossils also known from Cooper's D, Gondolin and Sterkfontein Member 5. Beginning in 2014, systematic excavations at Kromdraai uncovered a large and previously unknown fossiliferous area, shedding light on Units O and P in the earliest part of the site's stratigraphic sequence. The aim of this paper is to provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of 30 P. robustus craniodental specimens recovered between 2014 and 2017 within the Unit P deposits at Kromdraai. This new sample predates all prior conspecific specimens found at this site (including the holotype of P. robustus from Kromdraai, TM 1517). Its basic dental morphology dimensions and cranial features are compared in a preliminary analysis with other P. robustus samples. The P. robustus sample from Kromdraai Unit P documents previously unknown portions of the P. robustus juvenile cranium. The new dental and cranial remains aid in the exploration of potential morphological distinctions between site-specific P. robustus samples and are compared favorably in size and morphology with the small P. robustus specimens from Drimolen (e.g., DNH 7). These findings do not support the hypothesis that the specimens from Drimolen belong to a different taxonomic group. Instead, they reinforce the presence of a significant degree of sexual dimorphism within P. robustus. The Kromdraai Unit P specimens also contribute to the biodemographic profile of P. robustus. The notable prevalence of infants (i.e., juvenile individuals before the emergence of their first permanent molars) mirrors the natural mortality profiles observed in wild chimpanzees. This suggests a closer resemblance in the processes of accumulation in Kromdraai Unit P and Drimolen than at Swartkrans.

Analysis of the Influence of Breastfeeding and Bottle-Feeding upon the Origin of Posterior Crossbites.

(1) Introduction. An analysis was made of posterior crossbites in deciduous dentition and their relation to the type of feeding received by the child, with the objective of determining the influence of the way in which the child is fed in the early stages of life on the development of posterior crossbites. (2) Material and methods. A total of 1401 preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age from Seville (Spain) were included in the study. An intraoral exploration was carried out to assess the presence of crossbites (uni- or bilateral, and functional or not). The study was completed with a parent or legal guardian questionnaire exploring the type of feeding received by the child in the first stages of life, as well as the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. (3) Results. A total of 276 children (19.7%) presented posterior crossbite in occlusion. Uponn centering the midlines, 197 were maintained, indicating that 79 were due to premature contacts (functional crossbites). There were no significant differences in crossbites among the children who had received breastfeeding, though bottle-feeding was seen to favor crossbite. (4) Conclusions. No statistically significant relationship was found between posterior crossbites and breastfeeding, though an association between posterior crossbites and bottle-feeding was observed, with the number of crossbites increasing with the duration of bottle-feeding.

Changes in the swallowing pattern and tongue posture during the transition from deciduous to mixed dentition-a longitudinal ultrasonography study.

BACKGROUND: Given the importance that swallowing pattern and tongue posture might have in the aetiology of malocclusion, it appears important to be aware of the physiological changes of tongue function and its posture. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess changes of the swallowing pattern and tongue posture during the transition from the deciduous to mixed dentition and the association between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 57 subjects aged 5.87 ±â€…0.5 with normal occlusion, orofacial functions, no history of trauma, or orthodontic treatment. Ultrasonography was used for the assessment of tongue posture and swallowing pattern, where the spontaneous act of swallowing was recorded. To evaluate the possible effect of incisors' eruption, the swallowing pattern and tongue posture ultrasonograms were compared at the deciduous (DD), early mixed (EMD), and intermediate mixed (IMD) timepoints. RESULTS: A significant association between the swallowing pattern and tongue posture at the DD and IMD timepoint was found. Moreover, the visceral swallowing pattern decreases with age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.777), as well as with a prolonged phase IIa (OR = 0.071), while it increases when the tongue is postured on the mouth floor (OR = 5.020). LIMITATIONS: The young age of the investigated subjects, direct contact of the probe, and the determination of the rest phase of the tongue were considered limitations. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant changes in swallowing pattern and tongue posture occurred during the transition period; however, a significant association between the swallowing pattern and tongue posture among subjects with normal occlusion, regardless of the dentition phase was detected.

Outcome of Permanent Canine Teeth Following Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth in 28 Dogs.

Linguoverted mandibular canine teeth (LMC) are a common cause of class 1 malocclusion, which may result in a traumatic occlusion. When deciduous LMC are diagnosed, extraction is commonly performed to alleviate traumatic occlusion. This retrospective study was designed to observe the outcome of the permanent dentition in dogs with a class 1 malocclusion receiving treatment for deciduous LMC. Medical records from a veterinary dental referral hospital were used to identify patients that underwent extraction of deciduous LMC's prior to the eruption of the permanent mandibular canine teeth. The permanent occlusion was then evaluated once the permanent mandibular canine teeth were erupting. Of the 28 dogs identified and treated for deciduous LMC's, 78.6% (22/28) had a normal permanent occlusion. The 6 patients identified with permanent LMC's were all diagnosed when the patients were between 20 and 29 weeks of age. Of these 6 patients, 5 received gingivectomy and gingivoplasty treatment to correct the permanent LMC. Treatment was declined by the pet owner of the sixth patient. Overall, the majority of dogs in this study with a class 1 malocclusion and deciduous LMC's treated with extractions prior to the eruption of the permanent mandibular canine teeth had a normal permanent occlusion.

Evolution of the Terminal Plane from Deciduous to Mixed Dentition.

(1) Introduction: Correct development and growth of the dental arches and occlusion in the deciduous dentition is crucial for physiological occlusion in the permanent dentition. The present study evaluates the evolution of the terminal plane and canine occlusion class in the same children from deciduous to mixed dentition. (2) Materials and methods: The study included 257 children (164 girls and 93 boys) aged 3-5 years in the first phase and 8-10 years in the second phase. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used in the case of quantitative variables, as applicable. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. (3) Results: The most common terminal plane in the first phase of the study was a bilateral flush plane (70%), followed by distal and mesial, with few differences between them. In the second phase, the most common terminal plane was mesial, followed by bilateral flush and distal. There were no statistically significant differences according to gender. Canine occlusion in the first phase was predominantly bilateral class I, followed by class II and class III. Similar results were recorded in the permanent dentition, except for a lesser percentage of children with canine class II. Molar occlusion in the second phase was predominantly class I, followed by half cusp class II and full cusp class II and class III. (4) Conclusions: The present study shows that knowing the age range in which maximum dental development and growth in both arches occurs may contribute to avoiding malocclusions and the possible need for orthodontic-orthopedic treatment, resulting in improved outcomes and greater stability.

Gestational Serum Retinol Deficiency Is Associated with Enamel Hypoplasia.

Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a prevalent developmental defect of teeth that can result from various insults, including prenatal nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal serum retinol deficiency and EH in the deciduous teeth of offspring at 2-y of age. A cohort of 1,450 pregnant women was enrolled, and their prenatal nutritional status was assessed between 12 and 14 wk of gestation. Maternal serum retinol, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), hemoglobin, body mass index, and birth outcomes, infant feeding practices, family socioeconomic status, and demographic information were recorded. Oral health examinations were conducted for the children semiannually, and EH was diagnosed using the Modified DDE index on all the surfaces of erupted teeth. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the cumulative risk of EH over a period of 2-y. A total of 920 (63.4%) mother-child pairs completed the study, and the cumulative EH prevalence among offspring after 2-y of follow-up was 16.5% (N = 152; 87/1,114 children in the first year and 132/920 in the second year, with 20/920 having EH only in the first year). After adjusting for potential confounders, maternal serum retinol deficiency significantly increased the risk of deciduous EH (risk ratio [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.7). In addition, deficient serum 25OHD (RR, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.0-10.7), caesarean delivery (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.4), Muslim (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.1) and Christian (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5) versus Hindu religions, and very preterm birth (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9) increased the risk of EH. Children presenting with EH had 2 or more teeth affected, and the maxillary incisors were the most frequently affected, followed by the first primary molars and canines. In conclusion, maternal serum retinol deficiency during the 12 to 14 wk of gestation may increase the risk of deciduous EH, besides the well-established 25OHD deficiency.

Ectopic Mandibular Canine with Partial Anodontia - A Rare Case Report.

Ectopic eruption of the tooth is a developmental disturbance where the tooth does not erupt in a normal position. This may be due to arch length deficiency or due to, delayed or premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, or a combination of the above. A total or complete absence of teeth is called true anodontia; if one or more teeth are missing, it is called partial anodontia. It can be syndromic or non-syndromic in occurrence. Here, we present a rare case of non-syndromic partial anodontia and ectopic eruption of permanent mandibular canine in a female patient.

Carabelli Trait in Primary Tooth - A Case Report.

The Carabelli cusp (Cusp of Carabelli) is a tubercle or the extra fifth cusp found on the mesiopalatal cusp of the maxillary permanent and deciduous molars. It is nonfunctional but it can be used to distinguish populations and is also used in forensic and anthropological studies. This condition is uncommon on deciduous teeth. In this case report, we present a rare case of unilateral presence of cusp of Carabelli in deciduous dentition.

To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad.

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and the body mass index (BMI) in included school-going children. Moreover, to examine the relationship between the prevalence of dental caries, BMI, and socioeconomic (SES) status and to evaluate sugar consumption and other dietary habits as risk factors for dental caries. Materials and methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed among 400 school-going children aged 6-12 years from Faridabad city, Haryana. Parents filled out questionnaires for their respective children. The clinical examination of dental caries was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1997. The BMI calculation was done by measuring height and weight. Statistical analysis: The collected data were analyzed statistically using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was 95.5% and in permanent teeth was 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion: This study displayed the positive correlation of dental caries to BMI, oral hygiene practices, beverages, aerated drinks, chips, candy, and tea/coffee. Whereas the SES status and dietary habits Jam group variable had no significance in relation to dental caries. How to cite this article: Kapil D, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, et al. To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):626-632.

Bite force evaluation at maximal intercuspal position: An in vivo comparative study between stainless steel and zirconia crowns on primary molar teeth.

Objective: The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the mean bite force changes at maximum intercuspal position, along with parental satisfaction following full crown restoration using stainless steel crown/zirconia crown on primary molar teeth using digital occlusal analysis system T-Scan III (Tekscan Corp, Boston, Mass., USA). Materials and Methods: Thirty-six primary molars of children aged 6-9 years with pulpal involvement were selected for the study. The selected teeth were allocated to either of the two groups using simple random sampling technique: Group A = stainless steel crowned teeth and Group B = zirconia crowned teeth. The mean bite force was recorded before the placement of the crown, after the placement of the crown, and after 1 month-follow-up. The inter-group and intra-group comparison was done among the groups. After the placement of the crown, parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire for assessing parental satisfaction. Results: A significant result in the bite force on crowned tooth, vertical dimension was seen from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the SSC and zirconia groups. In the zirconia crown group, the mean bite force was more compared to the stainless steel crown group. Parents' satisfaction was higher with zirconia crown in terms of color and esthetics. Conclusion: SSC is more acceptable than zirconia crown since occlusal re-equilibration was attained better in SSC as compared to zirconia crown.

Fluorosis dental en la primera infancia: estado del arte

La fluorosis dental se caracteriza por una hipomineralización de la estructura dental causada por ingesta excesiva de flúor sistémico. En la dentición decidua, su diagnóstico precoz es importante, dado que será un predictor para la aparición de lesiones en la dentición permanente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia científica sobre la fluorosis dental en dentición decidua reportando su etiología y factores relacionados, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Pub-Med/Medline, EbscoHost y ScienceDirect (noviembre/2020), utilizando las palabras clave "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". El desarrollo de fluorosis dental en dentición decidua se relacionó con la ingesta de múltiples fuentes de flúor principalmente, agua potable, alimentos de la dieta, fórmulas infantiles, suplementos y uso de dentífricos fluorados en dosis inadecuadas. Algunos factores prenatales, como vivir en terrenos montañosos o de gran altitud y habitar en lugares cercanos a minas de combustión de carbón, también fueron asociados. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental reportada en los estudios varió entre 6,2 y 96,6 %, dependiendo principalmente de la concentración de flúor en agua potable. Para el diagnóstico de la fluorosis dental en la dentición decidua se deben considerar características como la localización, aspecto, extensión y color de la lesión, realizando diagnóstico diferencial con otro tipo de defectos en esmalte y dentina. Así mismo, el tratamiento de las lesiones dependerá de la severidad del defecto y condiciones individuales del paciente.

Dental fluorosis is characterized by a hypomineralization of the tooth structure caused by excessive intake of systemic fluoride. In the deciduous dentition, its early diagnosis is important since it will be a predictor for the appearance of lesions in the permanent dentition. The objective of this review was to describe the scientific evidence on dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition, reporting its etiology and related factors, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Electronic searches were conducted PubMed / Medline, EbscoHost and ScienceDirect (November / 2020) databases, using the keywords "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". The development of Dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition was related to the intake of multiple sources of fluoride mainly; drinking water, diet foods, infant formulas, supplements and the use of luoridated toothpastes in inadequate doses. Some prenatal factors such as living in mountainous or high altitude terrain and living in places near coal-burning mines were also associated. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in early childhood reported in the studies varied between 6.2% and 96.6%, depending mainly on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. For the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in the deciduous dentition, characteristics such as the location, appearance, extension and color of the lesion must be considered, making a differential diagnosis with other types of enamel and dentin defects. Evenly, the treatment of lesions will depend on the severity defects and individual patient conditions.

Splinting in the management of dental trauma in the primary dentition: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gather existing data on the efficacy of tooth splinting (TS) in patients with traumatized primary teeth, evaluating their overall prognosis and reported complications. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in seven databases up to Februray/2023. Clinical studies published in the last two decades and presenting the following characteristics were included: (a) reporting on children with traumatized primary teeth; (b) describing the efficacy of splinting those teeth. Studies describing imobilization of dental avulsion were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 163 potentially relevant studies were initially found. After title/abstract screening, and full-text evaluation, three retrospective studies with moderate to high risk of bias were included. The studies described the outcomes of TS in primary teeth with luxation (intrusion, extrusion, lateral displacement), intra-alveolar root fracture, and/or alveolar fracture. High clinical success rate was observed for teeth with root fracture. Benefits of spliting teeth with lateral luxation were not identified, although it may be a reccomended approach. No study was found evaluating TS for alveolar fracture. CONCLUSION: Based on a low level of evidence, the findings highlight a better clinical success rate of the use of TS in the management of deciduous teeth with root fractures.

Pediatric Dental Fluorosis and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study among Preschool Children Living in Belagavi.

AIM: This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its association with dental caries, oral health behaviors, oral-health-related quality of life and parents' perceptions among preschool children in the 3-5-year-old preschool children living in the Belagavi district of Karnataka, a non-endemic fluorosis region. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 1200 individuals of the preschool population from 48 government-sponsored child-care development centers in Belagavi, Karnataka, over a three-month period. They were examined following the Dean's fluorosis index (1942) and dmft (decayed, missed, and filled) scores of the participants were also recorded. Parents' perception of oral health was assessed using the self-administered Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). SPSS software (version 20) was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test computed categorical data. One-way ANOVA test was used for multiple group comparisons. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 1200 children examined, 10 (0.83%) children exhibited dental fluorosis. Of the 10 children having fluorosis, six had fluorosis present on two or more of their primary teeth, and four had fluorosis on four or more teeth. The mean dmft score was 3.01 ± 1.38 to 3.60 ± 1.72 in 3-5-year-old children, respectively, with statistical significance difference (p < 0.001). The mean score of oral health-related quality of life was 10.74 ± 2.06, which was significantly correlated to the child's age and parents' education level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study shows a negligible amount of prevalence of dental fluorosis in the non-endemic fluorosis residential district. It also elucidates that children from lower and lower-middle socioeconomic status are more prone to suffer from dental fluorosis as compared to other groups. The mean score of ECOHIS increased proportionally with the caries experience, indicating a significant relationship between the dmft and ECOHIS score. Deciduous dentition fluorosis is often neglected, especially in areas that are not considered endemic for fluorosis and with only optimum fluoride levels in their groundwater, which supports the disease's nature as multi-factorial and shows that a broader perspective is of prime importance to assess, diagnose, and prevent dental fluorosis among the preschoolers, thereby appraising their overall health and hygiene status.

Time and sequence of the replacement of the deciduous by the permanent dentition in dogs and its applicability for age estimation.

This study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of permanent dentition emergence following exfoliation of the deciduous teeth in puppies. The aim was to determine whether the emergence of permanent dentition can be used to assess whether a puppy that is traded across borders in the EU has reached the legally required minimum age of 15 weeks. The events were evaluated in a longitudinal study, with some cross-sectional observations, of 440 puppies belonging to 82 breeds. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides of a puppy's dentition nor between male and female puppies. Breed size and skull type had a significant impact: both the appearance and the completion of tooth eruption occurred considerably later in small or toy breeds and brachycephalic skull type breeds. The sequence of emergence differed little between maxillary or mandibular quadrants or between breeds. The first emerging elements were the maxillary first premolars or first incisors or the mandibular first incisors. The emergence of a permanent tooth usually occurred within 3 days before or after exfoliation of its precursor, except for the canines, which demonstrated a wider tooth replacement interval. This study presents standards for age assessment based on the emergence of permanent dentition for breeds of different sizes, using median ages or cumulative emergence percentages. However, the legal age determination of puppies with an assumed age of 15 weeks cannot be performed based on permanent dentition emergence, as this occurred at a later age in a large proportion of dogs (at least 95%) in our studied population. The probability of being at least 15 weeks old when at least one maxillary tooth has emerged was at least 72.25%, depending on breed size.

Prevalence of dental floss use in deciduous dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Adherence to the daily use of dental floss in childhood is recommended by various international health institutions/organizations. This systematic review (PROSPERO number CRD42020205232) aims to evaluate the prevalence of dental floss use in deciduous dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in six databases (B-on, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct and Web of Science) up to December 2020. The CoCoPop mnemonic allowed for obtaining 2333 articles and resulted in the inclusion of 7 observational studies that evaluated the prevalence of dental floss use (primary outcome) in children up to 6 years old. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the risk of bias, showing that most articles presented good quality. Meta-analyses were performed using the proportion of dental floss use (yes or once/day) and the random effects model. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed a prevalence of dental floss use of only 12.60% (95% CI: 7.69%-18.52%) based on studies with high heterogeneity of results (I2  = 94.75%; 95% CI: 91.44%-96.78%). Six of the seven studies showed that more than 70% of children never used dental floss. CONCLUSIONS: A low prevalence of dental floss use was observed in children up to 6 years old. Given the diversity of evaluating the use of dental floss, different options should be the target of standardization in future studies.

Reabsorção radicular inflamatória externa em dentes decíduos com traumatismos dentários e fatores associados / External inflamatory root reassorption in primary teeth with dental trauma and associated factors

A reabsorção radicular externa inflamatória vem sendo cada vez mais observada pelos Odontopediatras como consequência do traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua. O prognóstico dessa condição na dentição decídua é desfavorável, de rápida progressão e quando não diagnosticada e tratada, pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento do germe do dente permanente sucessor e levar a perda prematura do dente decíduo. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar a frequência e os fatores associados às reabsorções radiculares externas inflamatória em dentes decíduos traumatizados. Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo que avaliou clinicamente e radiograficamente incisivos decíduos de prontuários de crianças atendidas e acompanhadas por pelo menos um ano no período entre 2007 e 2022 em clínica de referência em traumatismo em dentes decíduos de Belo Horizonte da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FAO UFMG).Acoleta de dados das fichas clínicas foi realizada por dois pesquisadores treinados e a análise das radiografias foi realizada por um pesquisador treinado e calibrado para identificação da reabsorção radicular externa inflamatória. Dois professores experientes em traumatismos dentários e um especialista em radiologia foram responsáveis pelo treinamento e calibração (kappa = 0.7). A variável dependente foi a presença de reabsorção radicular externa inflamatória após traumatismos dentários. As variáveis independentes coletadas através de fichas clínica foram o sexo e a idade da criança, a escolaridade da mãe, de hábito de sucção não nutritiva, higiene bucal, mobilidade, traumatismo de repetição, atendimento imediato e o tipo de traumatismo dentário . No total, 508 dentes foram analisados através dos dados de fichas clínicas e exames radiográficos de 278 crianças com idade entre 6 e 72 meses. A análise estatística foi realizada através do software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 e incluiu análise descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Dos dentes avaliados 20,9% (n= 106) apresentaram reabsorção radicular externa inflamatória. Foram associadas à reabsorção externa inflamatória, a busca por atendimento 2 horas ou mais após o traumatismo dentário (RP= 1,49; IC=1,03- 2,07; p=0,033),a presença de mobilidade dentária (RP= 2,18; IC=1,49-3,21; p>0,001) e de fratura complicada (RP=1,87; IC=1,10-3,16; p=0,019). Conclui-se que a frequência de reabsorção radicular externa inflamatória em dentes decíduos traumatizados foi moderada/alta e esteve associada ao atendimento tardio, fraturas complicadas e mobilidade dentária.

Inflammatory external root resorption has been increasingly observed by pediatric dentists as a consequence of dental trauma in the primary dentition. The prognosis of this condition in the primary dentition is unfavorable, with rapid progression and, when not diagnosed and treated, can harm the development of the germ of the permanent successor tooth and lead to premature loss of the primary tooth. This study aims to identify the frequency and factors associated with inflammatory external root resorption in traumatized primary teeth. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that clinically and radiographically evaluated primary incisors from the medical records of children treated and monitored for at least one year between 2007 and 2022 at a reference clinic for trauma to primary teeth in Belo Horizonte at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FAO UFMG). Data collection from clinical records was carried out by two trained researchers and analysis of radiographs was carried out by a researcher trained and calibrated to identify inflammatory external root resorption. Two professors experienced in dental trauma and a radiology specialist were responsible for training and calibration (kappa = 0.7). The dependent variable was the presence of inflammatory external root resorption after dental trauma. The independent variables collected through clinical records were the child's sex and age, mother's education, non-nutritive sucking habit, oral hygiene, mobility, repeated trauma, immediate care and the type of dental trauma. In total, 508 teeth were analyzed using data from clinical records and radiographic examinations of 278 children aged between 6 and 72 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 software and included descriptive analysis, chi-square test and Poisson Regression with robust variance. Of the teeth evaluated, 20.9% (n= 106) showed inflammatory external root resorption. They were associated with inflammatory external resorption, seeking care 2 hours or more after dental trauma (RP= 1.49; CI=1.03-2.07; p=0.033), the presence of tooth mobility (RP= 2 .18; CI=1.49-3.21; p>0.001) and complicated fracture (PR=1.87; CI=1.10-3.16; p=0.019). It is concluded that the frequency of inflammatory external root resorption in traumatized primary teeth was moderate/high and was associated with late care, complicated fractures and tooth mobility.

Evaluation of Unmet Restorative Treatment Needs among Pediatric Patients of King Faisal University Dental Clinics, Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To evaluate unmet restorative treatment needs (URTN) among the children visiting Dental Clinics Complex (DCC), King Faisal University in Al Ahsa region of Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 332 children, 3-13 years old. All the children were grouped based on dentition and gender. Details of patient history, clinical examination, radiographs, and the proposed treatment plan was accessed from Titanium patient management software to assess URTN. Result: Only 37 children (11.14%) reported to be caries free while the remaining 295 children (88.16%) had one or more carious teeth which needed treatment. Unmet restorative treatment needs were higher for restorable teeth and stainless steel (SS) crown in deciduous dentition group while mixed dentition group showed higher URTN for unrestorable teeth, missing tooth due to caries, filled tooth with caries, remaining root and space maintenance. Based on gender, URTN like restorable teeth and filled tooth with caries were more among girls while missing tooth due to caries and SS crown were more among boys. Conclusion: Majority of the children had untreated carious teeth. Children in the mixed dentition group showed higher URTN. Clinical significance: More emphasis on addressing URTN is needed. Improving dental healthcare services to meet the oral healthcare needs, eventually promotes overall quality of life of an individual. How to cite this article: Alfayz SY, Alabdulsalam M, Alabdulathim A, et al. Evaluation of Unmet Restorative Treatment Needs among Pediatric Patients of King Faisal University Dental Clinics, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):366-370.

Impact of socioeconomic factors on deciduous teeth eruption among infants born after low-risk pregnancy compared to infants diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction.

Aim: The aim is to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on deciduous teeth eruption among infants born after low-risk pregnancy and infants diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Materials and Methodology: The cross-sectional study included 110 neonates recruited at birth using stratified random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Neonates diagnosed without IUGR were allocated to Group I (n = 55) and those diagnosed with IUGR were allocated to Group II (n = 55). The perinatal case history was recorded, followed by intraoral examination at birth, 6 months, and monthly up to 1 year or till first evidence of teeth eruption. Results: The difference between both groups based on socioeconomic status (SES) was found statistically significant (P = 0.043). The first evidence of eruption of deciduous teeth was found delayed in Group II (P = 0.0001). Secondary school education was found statistically significant between both the groups (P = 0.024). The difference between the two groups based on religion (P = 0.353) and gravidity (P = 0.571) was found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Lower SES and secondary maternal education can be considered statistically significant risk factors of IUGR and delayed deciduous teeth eruption. No correlation of IUGR with religion and gravidity was found.

Time and sequence of emergence of the deciduous dentition in dogs and its applicability for age estimation.

This study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of deciduous dentition emergence in puppies. Data were obtained in a longitudinal study, with some cross-sectional observations, of 1001 puppies of 53 dog breeds. A parametric proportional hazards survival model was used to estimate median emergence time and evaluate the effect of the covariates. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides of a puppy's dentition, but differences were statistically significant for the earlier appearance of maxillary incisors and canines and later appearance of maxillary premolars compared with their mandibular counterparts. The tendency for delayed onset and completion of emergence in female compared to male puppies was statistically but not clinically significant. The differences between puppies of breeds of different size or skull type were both statistically and clinically significant, with small and brachycephalic breeds showing later emergence times, longer clinical eruption times and more individual variation. Per quadrant, regardless of dog breed, canines or incisors were usually the first teeth to emerge and fully erupt, followed by premolars in the order Pd3 > 4 > 2. The maxillary canines and incisors usually emerged earlier than mandibular canines. Age estimation standards for breed size groups are presented based on the number of emerged teeth per quadrant. To assess whether a puppy has reached the legally required minimum age of 8 weeks to leave the litter, the best predictive capability using the data from this study is obtained when assessing the emergence status of the deciduous third premolars.